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Voice Guide - Understanding and protecting it

Dr Sushmitha K - Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck, KMC Attavar, Mangalore.

Our voices are a fundamental part of who we are. They convey emotions, build connections, and allow us to express ourselves. But how often do we truly appreciate this incredible instrument? Like any other part of our body, our voices can experience problems. Understanding voice disorders and how to protect your vocal health is crucial for maintaining a vibrant and healthy life.

What is your voice?

The voice is produced by the vocal cords, two folds of tissue within the larynx (voice box). When we breath, these cords are relaxed. When we speak, they vibrate as air passes through them, creating sound. The pitch of our voice depends on how fast the vocal cords vibrate, and the volume depends on the force of the air.

When things go wrong: Common voice disorders

Just like a musical instrument, our vocal cords can be affected by various issues. Here are some common voice disorders:

Laryngitis: This is an inflammation of the larynx, often caused by a viral infection or overuse. Symptoms include change in voice, a sore throat, and difficulty speaking.

Vocal nodules & polyps: These are benign growths on the vocal cords, often caused by vocal strain or misuse. Nodules are like calluses, while polyps are softer and more blister-like. They can lead to change in voice.

Vocal cord paralysis: This occurs when one or both vocal cords don’t move properly, often due to nerve damage. It can cause a weak, breathy voice and sometimes associated with difficulty in swallowing.

Muscle tension dysphonia: This disorder involves excessive muscle tension in the larynx, leading to a strained or tight voice. Its often related to stress, anxiety, or vocal overuse.

Spasmodic dysphonia: A neurological disorder causing involuntary spasms of the vocal cords, resulting in a strained, strangled, or breathy voice.

Recognizing the signs: When to seek help?

It’s important to pay attention to changes in your voice. Consult an ENT Surgeon if you experience:

Persistent change in voice lasting more than two weeks.

• Changes in pitch or volume.
• Pain or discomfort when speaking.
• Difficulty in swallowing.
• Sudden loss of voice.
• Persistent throat clearing.
• Chronic dry cough/ throat irritation.
• Swelling in the neck etc.

Diagnosis:

After obtaining history and doing basic examinations, a few investigations may be necessary:

Videolaryngoscopy: To see the vocal cord movement and disorders.

Stroboscopy: Helps in identifying the vibrations in vocal cord during voice and diagnosing vocal disorders.

X- Ray/ CT Scan: Radiological imaging to see for any airway problems.

Blood investigations: To rule our infections.

Protecting your vocal health: Simple steps

Prevention is key to maintaining a healthy voice. Here are some tips:

• Hydrate: Drink adequate water to stay hydrated.
• Avoid vocal strain: Don’t shout/ talk loudly/ talk in very low voice for extended periods. Give your voice regular breaks.
• Practice good vocal hygiene: Avoid smoking, excessive alcohol, and caffeine and other habits.
• Warm up your voice: Before speaking for long periods, do some gentle vocal warm-ups.
• Manage stress: Stress can contribute to muscle tension in the larynx.
• Treat reflux: Acid reflux can irritate the vocal cords. Treat any reflux symptoms. Diet modifications will help. Take less spicy food at regular intervals.
• Rest: When sick, rest your voice as much as possible.

Finding Help:

ENT Surgeons can evaluate you and provide adequate guidance on lifestyle modifications and treatment. Speech-language pathologists can also help in evaluating and treating voice disorders. They can provide vocal exercises, therapy, and education to help you improve your voice.

Your voice us a precious tool. By understanding how it works and taking care of it, you can ensure that it remains strong and healthy for years to come.